Uncertainty is made of two components; measureable uncertainty (“risk”) and the unmeasurable component (the unknown unknowns). Michael Noble argued that in controlled situations, like manufacturing, one can expect to considerably reduce uncertainty variables (measureable>>unmeasureable), but when one thinks of all the variation associated with patient selection, test ordering, sample collection and transport, the unknown unknowns in medical laboratory testing are huge and the relationship is likely inverted.  
Read more: 
Making Medical Lab Quality Relevant: Quality and Risk Management
Source: Making Medical Labo Quality Relevant
Image credits: 
Michael Noble 
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